четверг, 30 апреля 2009 г.

A New Age in Pipeline Politics?

Original: A New Age in Pipeline Politics?

For the last decade and a half, the main theater for U.S.-Russian fireworks has been pipeline politics. Washington won the first battle with the construction of the Baku-Ceyhan oil pipeline, which broke Russia's monopoly on energy exports from the Caspian Sea. But Moscow zoomed ahead in the second round, winning overwhelming backing for its proposed new natural gas pipelines to Europe. Then came the global financial crisis, and the plunge in world energy prices. Suddenly pipelines have seemed passe, and the rivalry instead turned to who controls what military base in Central Asia.
< " target="_blank" href="http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/or/48913.htm">Matt Bryza was still talking up the virtues of Nabucco.

Against that backdrop, Morningstar fell in with Mann's line of thinking: "Pipelines are just part of the puzzle," Morningstar said in Sofia. "Nabucco is not the Holy Grail that will solve the problem."

Morningstar's aim seemed to be to take down the temperature. After all, as much as Nabucco is a politically driven project targeted against Gazprom dominance of Europe, South Stream is an equally political response to Nabucco. So if the imperative for Nabucco is removed, what is the place for South Stream?

Hence, Morningstar When I met with Joseph Ellis at Mt. Holyoke, part of my interest was the art of historical writing. Ellis' work is elegant; it sparkles. But he has also attracted a broad audience -- and a Pulitzer -- because he breaks new ground. Ellis clearly has a knife out for critics who say he is a mere popularizer; he also seemed to have slight regard for colleagues who are happy in the weeds. (To be fair, Ellis has his own skeleton -- the matter of his vivid imagination regarding Viet Nam). Here is an edited version of this part of our chat:

O&GA – We know more about Abig

On Buner: The Most Reliable Eyes in Pakistan

Original: On Buner: The Most Reliable Eyes in Pakistan

For those following the events in Pakistan , this is the point at which my former colleagues Carlotta Gall and Zahid Hussain are worth their weight in gold. In the New York Times, Carlotta weighs in with an eye-witness report from the outskirts of the fighting in Buner, where Pakistani commandos are attempting to take back the city from the Taliban. From Islamabad for the Times of London, Zahid provides his usual first-rate analysis of why the Taliban capture of Buner represented a strategic foothold that Pakistan's Army could not accept if it intended to hold on to power. He points out the chess moves that

среда, 29 апреля 2009 г.

Greatness and Treachery in Power. The Oil and Glory Interview: Pulitzer Prize-Winning Presidential Historian Joseph Ellis

Original: Greatness and Treachery in Power. The Oil and Glory Interview: Pulitzer Prize-Winning Presidential Historian Joseph Ellis

At O&G, we are using the occasion of Obama's 100th day in office as an undisguised pretext to interview one of my favorite historians. In 2000, Joseph Ellis won the Pulitzer Prize for his slender Founding Brothers, a masterful collection of portraits of seven of America's revolutionary leaders. We visited in his office at Mt. Holyoke College.

Ellis proved to be a lot of fun. Among the takeaways: He much likes Obama, thinks that George Washington's treasury secretary,

A – We're experiencing something akin to the Great Depression. Therefore to what extent is FDR or references to the greatest challenges that presidents faced coming into office? Lincoln had the greatest, and Roosevelt right after him. This doesn't rate in quite that category. Those were nuclear explosions. This is still only a conventional explosion.


Q – Are his fans trying to put him up on a pedestal?


A - I think there are more people who are pro-Obama engaged in that enterprise. But once it starts, Fox News will do it too as a way of developing a critical perspective on Obama.


Q – In

вторник, 28 апреля 2009 г.

Would a Taliban Regime Bring a Truly Different Pakistan?

Original: Would a Taliban Regime Bring a Truly Different Pakistan?

For the last several days, I've been surprised by the response of friends to the topic of the Taliban's march in Pakistan. The takeaway, according to them: A Taliban government would change little for the vast majority of Pakistanis; certainly, such a shift in power does not threaten the Pakistani state.

That is correct if public floggings, hangings and amputations -- all hallmarks of Taliban rule in Afghanistan -- are not a shift for Pakistanis; for my friends concerned with the metric of political risk, it will be interesting to watch the market's reaction to Taliban control of the country's nuclear weapons.

According to some excellent nk" href="http://www.registan.net/index.php/2009/04/26/tentative-steps-toward-opposition-maybe/">takes note of the Hanif report, and now seems more concerned about the news than he expressed previously.

The latest reports are that the Pakistan Army is fighting back with helicopter gunships. The Taliban has pulled back a bit. But the fighting will go on. A cleric who has been brokering talks between the government and the Taliban has severed the negotiations, accusing the government of violating the peace accord by attackin boding in Islamabad in the Washi

суббота, 25 апреля 2009 г.

Moment for Regrouping in Pakistan

Original: Moment for Regrouping in Pakistan

Pakistan's Army chief, General Ashfaq Kayani, has seemed to suffer a scare. The normally taciturn general came out publicly today with a warning against Taliban forces who took advantage of the shaky president to march into a district of 1 million people just 65 miles from the capital of Islamabad. The Taliban have responded by initiating a retreat from Buner.

That's good news. But it's wise to stay mindful of the Taliban's history in Afghanis 2009/04/23/let-us-have-some-perspective-please/">interesting post in which he cautions not to get alarmed. Perhaps Josh means that we shouldn't run around with our arms in the air shouting. But the seriousness of the developments I think is profound. The current events in Pakistan are more blowback from a series of monumental blunders by Pakistan's politically expedient military and political leaders going back to the 1970s. This is an important, important moment, as Kayani's uncharacteristic response demonstrates.

пятница, 24 апреля 2009 г.

Where is the Pakistani Army?

Original: Where is the Pakistani Army?

The most telling detail in the Taliban's trademark step-by-step march on Islamabad is the invisibility of the vaunted Pakistan Army. It tells us about all we need to know about the staying power of the Asif Zardari government: It may not be long.

In dual reports today, my friend Zahid Hussain -- one of the sharpest observers in Pakistan -- finds that the Army has elected to meet the shift of the Taliban to within 65 miles of the capital with a token, ragtag force of 300 fighters from the Frontier Corps. (
But the Army, and in particular its intelligence arm, the
InterServices Intelligence directorate, has been in cahoots with the Taliban, al Qaeda and the region's other militants for almost three decades. For the last two decades, the ISI has asserted that it has no further operational links with the militants, only to be proven to be prevaricating (see O&G, chapter 16, about the ill-fated Unocal pipeline through Afghanistan).

So which is it -- is the Pakistan Army supporting the current civilian government; or is it backing a Taliban takeover of the country?

In 21 years of living in, traveling to and watching Pakistan, and observing all the various missile strikes, coups, and so forth, this is the first time I have felt a serious threat to the country.

If events continue along

среда, 22 апреля 2009 г.

Labyrinth Out in Paperback

Original: Labyrinth Out in Paperback

The updated version of Putin's Labyrinth is out today. It brings events in Russia up to date, including the collapse of the economic miracle with the plunge in oil prices and the global financial crisis, and the January natural gas stand-off with Ukraine. This version is also indexed. Your comments are welcomed.

From Condi's Former Counselor: A Comment on Torture

Original: From Condi's Former Counselor: A Comment on Torture

Susan Glasser, the Washington Post's former Moscow co-bureau chief and now editor over at Foreign Policy, is sending around a fresh blog post from the FP's impressive site by Philip Zelikow, Condoleeza Rice's former counselor. Now that the Obama administration has released memos written by former President George W. Bush's l 9/11_Commission">9/11 Commission, and the reasoning behind his dissidence, as expressed in the blog post, is worth reading.

Zelikow's conclusion:

The underlying absurdity of the administration's position can be summarized this way. Once you get to a substantive compliance analysis for "cruel, inhuman, and degrading" you get the position that the substantive standard is the same as it is in analogous U.S. constitutional law. So the OLC must argue, in effect, that the methods and the conditions of confinement in the CIA program could constitutionally be inflicted on American citizens in a county jail. In other words, Americans in any town of this country could constitutionally be hung from the ceiling naked, sleep deprived, water-boarded, and all the rest -- if the alleged national security justification was compelling. I did not believe our federal courts could reasonably be expected to agree with such a reading of the Constitution.

вторник, 21 апреля 2009 г.

The Most Important Place in the World

Original: The Most Important Place in the World

It's clear now that almost the entire U.S. foreign policy agenda is second in importance to Pakistan and Afghanistan. I steer clear from alarmism, but the events from Swat especially are sobering; Pakistan especially can destabilize large parts of the world should matters continue to deteriorate.

I like a lot of friends and acquaintances who have lived in Pakistan over the last decade or two are astounded by the turn of events from the days when we drove up to Swat, Chitral and environs for time off.

All of this is in the way of recommending Pam Constable's piece in today's Washington Post (in addition to

понедельник, 20 апреля 2009 г.

A Front-Row Seat to Momentous Events. The Oil and Glory Interview: Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha

Original: A Front-Row Seat to Momentous Events. The Oil and Glory Interview: Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha

Albania has had a prime view of some of the most dramatic events in Europe of the last decade and more. Most recently, they have included the West's showdown with Russia over Kosovo's independence, which led directly to Moscow's effective absorption of the Georgian regions of Abkhazia and
Albanian Prime Minister
Sali Berisha has traversed this entire period. A 65-year-old trained cardiologist, he was Albanian president for five years during the 1990s, before losing the post in a huge investment scandal. After ten years in the opposition, he returned to power in 2005. I called Berisha in his Tirana office. The edited interview:


O&G – The International Monetary Fund calls Albania

четверг, 16 апреля 2009 г.

Medvedev's Signal: Don't Kill Novaya Gazeta Reporters

Original: Medvedev's Signal: Don't Kill Novaya Gazeta Reporters

Dmitry Medvedev has noted in the past that Russians tend to look for signals from their leaders. But, since the Russian president doesn't come from the siloviki -- he is a former law professor, not a retired KGB or military officer -- nor from politics, he is not as noted as his predecessors for skillfully communicating through gesture.

So what was today all about? Why did Medvedev give Novaya Gazeta editor k" href="http://cpj.org/2001/01/russia-journalists-killers-sought-to-intimidate-hi.php">Igor Domnikov, killed in 2000, Yuri Shchekochikhin, who died in 2003 from a mysterious illness, and, most dramatically, Anna Politkovskaya, slain in 2006.

There had been something of an interregnum since the November 2006 nuclear poisoning murder of Alexander Litvinenko. But in January, that apparent intermission ended. Human rights lawyer Stanislaw Markelov was shot in the back of the head by a killer on a crowded Moscow street in daylight, along with Vladimir Putin, wh

воскресенье, 12 апреля 2009 г.

Nabucco Huckerism, Iran Pollyanishness, and a $5 Billion Bribe. The Oil and Glory Interview: Steven Mann

Original: Nabucco Huckerism, Iran Pollyanishness, and a $5 Billion Bribe. The Oil and Glory Interview: Steven Mann

On Thursday, a ceremony in the State Department will mark the retirement of Steven Mann, Coordinator for Eurasian Energy Diplomacy, after 32 years with the U.S. diplomatic service. The 58-year-old Mann served most of the last 17 years in senior positions in the Caucasus and Central Asia: He opened the U.S. Embassy in Yerevan in 1992, was ambassador to Turkmenistan, and tried to negotiate a deal between Armenia and Azerbaijan on Nagorno-Karabakh. For the last several years, Mann was America's man on the spot in the New Great Game on the Caspian Sea.

I visited Mann at his Chevy Chase home. Amid stacked up magazines and books, Mann told me that Europe's "energy security" is not nece is to adopt a project and attempt to bring it about through political will. I think so much of the governmental activism on both sides of the Atlantic the last few years has been devoid of a commercial context. There have been quite a number of officials who know very little about energy who have been charging into the pipeline debate. Nabucco is a highly desirable project, don't get me wrong. But there are other highly desirable projects besides Nabucco. And the overriding question for all these projects is, Where's the gas?

Q – South Stream was Putin's response to Nabucco. Did the U.S. blunder by promoting Nabucco before having the commercial context?

A – In terms of whether we are talking EU or US diplomacy, I think you have to be credible. All too often we've gotten out ahead of the commercial realities of Nabucco. You have to be able to point to an upstream sup . The best thing Europe could do

четверг, 9 апреля 2009 г.

Yes, But Will An Obama Visit Put the U.S. Back in the Great Game?

Original: Yes, But Will An Obama Visit Put the U.S. Back in the Great Game?

President Obama has told a senior Kazakhstan official that he intends to visit the Central Asian nation, a senior American official has told me. The visit comes as Russia has rolled back U.S. power in the region after a decade in which Washington established military bases there and encouraged the construction of non-Russian energy pipelines to the West.

Yesterday, Reuters reported on a Kazakhstan statement about an invitation issued to Obama by Kazakhstan Senate Chairman Kasymzhumart Tokayev, who is second in the line of power to President military base in Uzbekistan until it was ejected in 2006, and another in Kyrgyzstan, which is scheduled for closure in July. The closure of the Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan came in February after Russia promised the country more than $2 billion in loans.

For an excellent synthesis of the retrenchment of U.S. power, and its replacement by Russia, read this piece by the FT's Charles Clover and two colleagues.

вторник, 7 апреля 2009 г.

In the post-Machiavellian World, Economics, Not War, Rule

Original: In the post-Machiavellian World, Economics, Not War, Rule

The outlines of the Obama administration's foreign policy are becoming plain. And they are as audacious as his domestic policies.

Among the interconnected aims so far are: Engineer fully normalized relations with Syria and a strategic partnership with Russia, paving the way to a rapprochement with Iran, and shaking up the power equation in the Middle East.

You can be forgiven for rolling your eyes, but wait. We've exhaustive account of American diplomacy and what it could bring in last week's New Yorker.

Interestingly, helpful offers are coming from elsewhere to ease this process. Kazakhstan's Nursultan Nazarbayev, for instance, is offering to host a "nuclear bank" of fissile material that nations such as Iran could tap in order to feed nuclear reactors without having to develop their own enriched uranium, report the Wall Street Journal's Jonathan Weisman and Marc Champion. According to the WSJ story, President Obama is seriously considering the offer, which seems reasonable: Kazakhstan is a stable coun >Power Rules: How Common Sense C

суббота, 4 апреля 2009 г.

The Khodorkovsky Rule

Original: The Khodorkovsky Rule

Before you slink away for the weekend given the wonderful weather, take a look at a piece today by the FT's Charles Clover, my former Almaty roommate. In it, Clover weighs in along with a couple of colleagues on the tectonic shift under way in the great game in Central Asia: The U.S. is out, and Russia is in.

The August events in Georgia triggered this shift -- the countries along Russia's western and southern borders learned that friendship with Washington is worth only so much when Moscow is willing to use actual troops in defense of its sphere of influence.

The most interesting part of the long piece is a quote from Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russia's richest man, did so

to head off a Putin attack on all of them. One oligarch, Mikhail Fridman, told
[John] Lloyd, the Financial Times writer, that he and the other billionaires deserved
Putin's wrath. In an interview at the time, Fridman said they asked only that past wrongs be forgotten. "I think the best plan would be if Putin were to declare an amnesty on everything that happened in the past," Fridman said.

As Central Asia's leaders are all cognizant, Khodorkovsky refused the deal, and consequently has languished in prison. It will be difficult if not impossible for the U.S. or anyone else to again break the region from a similar fear.